![]() ![]() ![]() is an Adjunct Professor at theUniversity of Cincinnati - College of Allied Health Sciences - Department of Communications Sciences and Disorders. In all cases we do well to describe children's auditory behaviors, their strengths and weaknesses, and develop management programs that help to alleviate the listening problems experienced by children to help them achieve at their highest level. Clinically, while we can sometimes differentiate between the two disorders we should recognize that they often co-exist along with other problems such as language disorders. So, the question you ask is still being debated. At least one author believes that ADHD and cognitive disorders are the prevailing problem among children diagnosed as having APD, and that few children are specifically APD. On the other hand it is true that both groups might benefit from classroom management to include even assistive listening devices to help focus listening and attention.Īt another level, many of the position papers published over the last 15 years acknowledge the difficulty of recognizing the comorbidity of APD and ADHD. Experts continue to disagree whether APD is a manifestation of ADHD, or if they are separate disorders. Studies suggest that 50 percent of those diagnosed with ADHD may also have APD. Symptoms of the two disorders often overlap. One reason to appropriately identify APD versus ADHD is that APD is not treated with stimulant medication. Just as APD can affect a child’s ability to focus, so an attention deficit can affect auditory processing. That is not always the case and audiologists who are involved in the assessment of individuals with APD work to see when they can differentiate between the two disorders. There is no question that APD and ADHD can, and often do, co-exist. ADHD medication initiation was associated with significantly lower rate of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.79 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.88) and unnatural-cause mortality (2-year mortality risk, 25.9 per 10 000 individuals vs 33.3 per 10 000 individuals risk difference, −7.4 per 10 000 individuals 95% CI, −14.2 to −0.5 HR, 0.75 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.86), but not natural-cause mortality (2-year mortality risk, 13.1 per 10 000 individuals vs 14.7 per 10 000 individuals risk difference, −1.6 per 10 000 individuals 95% CI, −6.4 to 3.2 HR, 0.86 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.05).Ĭonclusions and Relevance Among individuals diagnosed with ADHD, medication initiation was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality, particularly for death due to unnatural causes.Question Can Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) co-exist? I have a patient who was diagnosed with ADHD first and then APD. The 2-year mortality risk was lower in the initiation treatment strategy group (39.1 per 10 000 individuals) than in the noninitiation treatment strategy group (48.1 per 10 000 individuals), with a risk difference of −8.9 per 10 000 individuals (95% CI, −17.3 to −0.6). The median age at diagnosis was 17.4 years (IQR, 11.6-29.1 years). Results Of 148 578 individuals with ADHD (61 356 females ), 84 204 (56.7%) initiated ADHD medication. Main Outcomes and Measures We assessed all-cause mortality within 2 years of ADHD diagnosis, as well as natural-cause (eg, physical conditions) and unnatural-cause mortality (eg, unintentional injuries, suicide, and accidental poisonings). Follow-up started from ADHD diagnosis until death, emigration, 2 years after ADHD diagnosis, or December 31, 2020, whichever came first.Įxposures ADHD medication initiation was defined as dispensing of medication within 3 months of diagnosis. Objective To investigate whether initiation of ADHD pharmacotherapy was associated with reduced mortality risk in individuals with ADHD.ĭesign, Setting, and Participants In an observational nationwide cohort study in Sweden applying the target trial emulation framework, we identified individuals aged 6 through 64 years with an incident diagnosis of ADHD from 2007 through 2018 and no ADHD medication dispensation prior to diagnosis. ![]() Importance Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased risks of adverse health outcomes including premature death, but it is unclear whether ADHD pharmacotherapy influences the mortality risk. ![]()
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